中文摘要：

目的使用吸收放散微柱凝胶法对Del型个体D抗原相对定量;研究部分汉族、维族和藏族RhD（-）人群Rh表型分布特征;研究部分汉族Del型个体Rh表型分布特征。方法采用Ig M单克隆抗体鉴定Rh表型,改良间接抗球蛋白试验（IAT）确认RhD（-）标本,吸收放散微柱凝胶法检测Del型。结果汉族、维族和藏族RhD（-）个体Rh表型分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=17.04,P〈0.05）;维族和汉族、维族和藏族RhD（-）标本Rh表型分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=25.031,P＇〈0.05;χ2=21.761,P＇〈0.05）,但汉族和藏族之间比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.337,P＇〉0.05）。汉族和维族RhD（-）个体在Cc表型分布方面差异有统计学意义（χ2=19.757,P〈0.05）。222例随机非血缘关系汉族RhD（-）标本检出Del型43例（19.37%）,55例随机非血缘关系维族RhD（-）标本检出1例Del型（1.82%）,7例藏族RhD（-）标本未检出Del型。汉族Del型阳性个体中携带Rh C抗原比例（93.02%）远远高于Del型阴性个体中携带Rh C抗原比例（25.14%）,2者比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=67.618,P〈0.05）。结论吸收放散微柱凝胶法可以检测Del型及对D抗原进行相对定量;中国汉族、维族和藏族RhD（-）人群Rh表型分布存在明显差异;Del型与Rh C抗原存在关联。

英文摘要：

Objectives To detect the relative D antigen quantities of Del type by microcolumn gel test with adsorption and elution assay. To study the distribution characteristics of Rh phenotypes in individuals with RhD-negative phenotypos in Han, Uyghur and Tibetan Chinese populations. To research the distribution characteristics of Rh phenotypes in Han Chinese populations with Del type. Methods Rh phenotypes were detected with monoclonal IgM antibodies. RhD-negative samples were confirmed with modified indirect antiglobulin test （IAT）. Del types were distinguished from the IAT-negative samples by microcolum gel test together with adsorption and elution assay. Results The distribution of Rh phenotypes between Han, Uyghur and Tibetan populations with RhD-negative phenotypes showed significant differences statistically（ χ2 = 17.04, P 〈 0.05 ）. There existed statistical differences in the distribution of Rh phenotypes in RhD-neative population between Uyghur and Han as well as between Uyghur and Tibetan （χ2 = 25. 031, P 〈 0. 05; χ2 = 21. 761,P〈 0. 05 ）, while where were no significant differences between Han and Tibetan populations （χ2 = I. 337 ,P 〉 0.05）. The distribution of the Cc phenotype between Han and Uyghur individuals with RhD-negative phenotypes demonstrated statistical differences too （ χ2 = 19. 757, P 〈0.05）. 43 Del types （ 19. 37% ） and one Del type （ 1.82% ） were detected from 222 random unrelated Han and 55 Uy- ghur Chinese individuals with RhD-negative phenotypcs, respectively. However, Del type was not detected in 7 random unre- lated Tibetans with RhD-negative phenotypes. The rate of carrying RhC antigen in Del type individuals was higher than in non-Del type individuals. Conclusion Del types and its relative D antigen quantities could be detected by microcolumn gel test together with adsorption and elution assay. The distribution of Rh phenotypes between Han, Uyghur and Tibetan popula- tions with RhD-negative phenotypes showed significant statistical differences.