中文摘要：

近年来在尿路上皮癌的诊断病理学方面取得较大进展，包括对浸润性尿路上皮癌变异型有了更多的认识；一些新的免疫组化标记在病理诊断中得到应用；根据尿路上皮癌常见染色体改变设计的荧光原位杂交探针也已较多地用于尿液细胞样本筛查和复发监测；新的分子标记如microRNAs、TERT基因启动子突变和FGFR3基因突变检测等亦开始用于临床。本文择要介绍上述几方面的进展。

英文摘要：

Many advances in diagnostic pathology of urothelial carcinoma have been made in recent years. Better under- standing of the morphological heterogeneity of invasive urothelial carcinoma has led to the recognition of many variants of in- filtrating urothelial carcinoma. New immunohistochemical markers have been used for the diagnosis. Fluorescence in situ hy- bridization has been used for urine cytological screening with probes based on chromosome changes of urothelial carcinoma for the early diagnosis and surveillance. Changes in microRNAs, TERT promoter mutation and FGFR3 mutation are promising bi- omarkers for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. These advances are briefly reviewed in this article.