框架效应是指对同一问题的等价描述却导致不同的决策偏好的现象,其作为一种明确的违背不变性原则的非理性偏差,一直是行为决策研究领域的关注热点。近年来,行为决策中的框架效应研究出现了一些新的转变,我们以自己的研究为基础,梳理了框架效应研究的几个新思路:首先,从研究领域来看,框架效应研究的焦点从最初的风险决策逐渐扩展至跨期决策;其次,从框架效应类型来看,出现了排除语言影响后更纯净的图形框架效应;再次,从框架效应的解释机制来看,研究者对经典的预期理论这一补偿性(计算)模型提出了质疑,更多地采用非补偿性模型解释,其中以齐当别模型和模糊痕迹理论为代表。最后,我们展望了框架效应的未来发展方向,期望本文能给后续研究者提供参考和启发,推动国内框架效应研究的进一步发展。
The description invariance principle, which is one of the axioms of normative economic theory, requires that equivalent descriptions of a problem yield the same preference ordering. However, several studies have revealed that people often violate the invariance principle in real world decision-making. This action is known as preference-framing effects in decision-making. We reviewed new findings on the framing effect in the field of risky and intertemporal decision-making. We presented the framing effect research with a verbal as well as graphical frame. We also introduced compensatory models (e.g., prospect theory) and non-compensatory models (e.g., equate-to-differentiate model) as the psychological mechanism. This review encourages future researchers to extend the study of framing effects.