中文摘要：

以磷酸三丁酯和N-甲基咪唑为原料,一步合成出了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯盐.该产品为一种新型的水溶性离子液体,浅棕色,其在25℃下的黏度和密度分别为3.45×10^-3Pa·s和1.045kg/m^3.经电喷雾质谱测定其阴阳离子分别为磷酸二丁酯[（BuO）2P（O）O]^-和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑.由于空间位阻的影响,无论磷酸三丁酯和N-甲基咪唑的摩尔比如何,其产物中只有磷酸二丁酯阴离子,因此产物纯度高,易分离.实验表明,该离子液体对汽油中的3-甲基噻吩和二苯并噻吩具有良好的萃取效果,可望用于汽柴油的脱硫过程.

英文摘要：

A novel ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium dibutyl phosphate, was prepared by reacting tributylphosphate with methylimidazole directly, which is a new kind of ionic liquid being light brown and water soluble, and is solely composed of [BMim]^＋ and [（BuO）2P（O）O]^- confirmed by the electric spraying mass chromatography. Its viscosity and density at 298 K are 3. 450 ×10^-3Pa·s and 1. 045 kg/m^3, respectively. Only one product [ BMim ] ^＋ [ （BuO） zP （O） O ] ^- is formed and no other anions such as [ （BuO） P （O） 02 ] ^2 - and [PO4 ]^3- can be found irrespective of the variation of mole ratio of methylimidazole to tributyl phosphate due to the effect of steric hindrance. Hence the product is of high purity and easy to be separated. More importantly, this kind of ionic liquid shows good desulfurization effects on 3-methylthiophene and dibenzothiophene in gasoline.