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电子和原子核散射研究原子核结构

ISSN号：1000-0542
期刊名称：《物理学进展》
时间：0
分类：O57[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理;理学—物理]
作者机构：[1]澳门科技大学资讯科技学院,澳门999078, [2]天津工程师范学院数理系,天津300222, [3]南京大学物理系,南京210093, [4]兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子控理论中心,兰州730000
相关基金：Acknowledgments This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grants 10535010, 10675090, and 10775068）, by the 973 National Major State Basic Research and Development of China （Grant 2007CB815004）, by CAS Knowledge Innovation Project KJCX2-SW- N02, and by the Research Fund of Doctoral Point （RFDP）, No. 20070284016.

关键词：核结构, 奇特核, 电子散射, 程函近似, nuclear structure , exotic nuclei, electron scattering, eikonal approximation

中文摘要：

本文综述了近年来我们组利用电子散射结合相对论平均场模型对奇特核结构的研究。我们发展了相对论平均场框架下的磁电子散射方法，并用其研究一些中子晕及质子晕核的基态组态，例如，^23O，^17,19C和^23Al。研究发现，原子核不同组态的弹性磁形状因子彼此差别很大。其次，我们发展了相对论平均场框架下的弹性库伦电子散射方法，并用该方法研究了奇特核的电荷分布。研究发现，丰质子核中扩展的电荷密度分布可以通过库伦电子散射来测量。这种方法还被进一步推广用于计算弹性宇称不守恒电子散射，研究了一些典型原子核的中子密度分布，例如，Ca同位素链，N=50同中子素链以及N=Z的双幻核。结果表明，宇称不守恒非对称度的振幅主要由质子和中子形状因子极小值之间的距离决定。这些结果为下一代电子-核对撞机上的电子散射实验提供了有用的参考。

英文摘要：

This article provides a review on the studies of exotic nuclear structure using electron scattering associated with the relativistic mean field model by our group in recent years. The magnetic electron scattering in the relativistic mean field framework was developed and used to investigate the ground-state configurations of some candidates of neutron-halo and proton-halo nuclei, such as ^23O, ^17,19C and ^23Al. It is found that the elastic magnetic form factors for different configurations differ greatly from each other. The elastic Coulomb electron scattering in the relativistic Eikonal approximation was also developed and used to investigate the charge densities of exotic nuclei. It was found that the extended charge densities in some proton-rich nuclei can be measured by the Coulomb electron scattering. This method was further generalized to the elastic parity violating electron scattering to investigate the neutron densities of some typical nuclei, such as Ca isotopic chains, N=50 isotonic chains and N=Z doubly magic nuclei. Results show that the amplitudes of the parity violating asymmetries are mainly determined by the distances between the minima of the proton and neutron form factors. The results provide useful references for the future electron scattering experiments on the next-generation electron-nucleus colliders.

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