中文摘要：

在 Jiangjia 春天(JJS ) 的物理、化学的动力学，在重庆的 Qingmuguan 石灰岩地区常见的地形地下水系统的插头，在降雨事件期间在 situ 被监视获得一系列高分辨率的数据。主要部件分析(PCA ) 被采用在石灰岩地区常见的地形地下水识别化学作文的来源。JJS 的物理、化学的数据的变化(CV ) 的系数被利用解释化学作文的迁居路径。结果证明水岩石相互作用，农业活动，和土壤侵蚀是地下水化学药品作文的主要来源。从和钙，镁，从碳酸盐溶解导出的锶和酸式碳酸盐的离子的农业活动的钾，钠，硝酸盐，氯化物和磷酸盐的离子看起来被石灰岩地区常见的地形在象裂缝，毛孔和溶液裂缝那样的特征存储并且调整不饱和的地区。离子的集中仍然保持相对稳定，他们由弥漫的流动显示了由于他们的迁居的低 CV 再装地下的河。相反，象从土壤侵蚀的全部的铁，全部的锰和铝那样的离子的集中是由于他们由陆上的流动的迁居的不稳定、显示出的高 CV 再装地下的河直接经由阴沟的入口处。在重降雨事件期间，从从土壤侵蚀的农业活动和沉积的营养素能快速损害水的生态系统并且形成严肃的威胁浇质量。因此，为集体营养素的流入的更好的控制增强生态的系统的管理进石灰岩地区常见的地形含水土层系统是必要的。

英文摘要：

Physical and chemical dynamics at Jiangjia Spring （JJS）, the outlet of the Qingmuguan karst groundwater system in Chongqing, were monitored in situ during rainfall events to acquire a series of high-resolution data. Principal component analysis （PCA） was employed to identify the sources of chemical compositions in the karst groundwater. The coefficients of variations （CVs） of the physical and chemical data of JJS were utilized to interpret the migration path of the chemical compositions. The results showed that water-rock interactions, agricultural activities, and soil erosion were the main sources of the groundwater chemical compositions. Ions of potassium, sodium, nitrate, chloride and phosphate from agricultural activities together with ions of calcium, magnesium, strontium and bicarbonate derived from carbonate dissolution appear to be stored and regulated by the karst unsaturated zone in features such as fissures, pores and solution cracks. The concentrations of the ions remained relatively stable and they showed low CVs owing to their migration by diffuse flow to recharge the underground river. In contrast, concentrations of ions such as total iron, total manganese and aluminum from soil erosion were unstable and showed high CVs owing to their migration by overland flow to recharge the underground river directly via sinkholes. During heavy rainfall events, the nutrients from agricultural activities and sediment from soil erosion could quickly impair the aquatic ecosystem and pose serious threats to water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce management of the ecological system for better control of the influx of mass nutrients into the karst aquifer system.