中文摘要：

脑胶质瘤是颅内最常见、最具侵袭性的原发性肿瘤，生长迅速，外科手术不能完全切除，其复发率较高，患者的生存期短、死亡率较高，预后差。放、化疗联合治疗的效果亦不尽如人意。其中，脑胶质母细胞瘤（glioblastoma，GBM）的中位生存期不到1年。脑胶质瘤异质性高、病因尚未明确，临床研究进展缓慢。值得庆幸的是，随着肿瘤干细胞的发现与研究的推进、基因组学／转录组学／免疫组学／表观遗传学等相关“组学”研究的开展，及另一重要的突破性进展一miRNA的发现与研究，将使这一局面得到有效改善。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are critical regulators of gene expression.These small,non-coding RNAs are believed to regulate more than one third of protein-coding genes,and have been implicated in the control of many biological processes,including the biology of glioma.The functional significance in some of the miRNAs begins to emerge.This paper reviews the biogenesis of miRNAs,their roles in neuronal development and tumorigenesis of gliomas,and their contribution as tumor biomarkers.Research in this area is quickly gathering pace and is illuminating important aspects of the diseases that may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic interventions,as well as diagnostic and prognostic tools for brain tumors.