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中文摘要：
利用1948-2002年NCEP／NCAR资料对西南纵向岭谷及其周边区域可降水量做EOF分解，结果表明：无论在干季还是雨季，可降水量的前两个主分量在25°N以北的纵向岭谷地区呈纬向分布特征，其时间序列均有显著的年代际变化。而纵向岭谷地区的实际降水年代际的变化并不显著，其年际变化更为清晰。降水及可降水量多雨年和少雨年的合成分析结果表明：在干季，多雨年和少雨年的可降水量与降水量均存在显著差异，并且在可降水量差值变化梯度越大的区域，降水差异越明显。在雨季，多雨年和少雨年的可降水量差别不大，但降水存在显著的差异。可见，在干季可降水量与实际降水的关系更为直接，较雨季也更为密切。
英文摘要：
Using NCEP/NCAR data, the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of air column pre- cipitable water（PW） over the southwest area are studied by empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analy- sis for the rainy/dry seasons of 1948 -2002. The results show that latitude distribution exists in EOF1 and EOF2 in the north of 25 °N, and a sudden shift occurrs in EOF1 and EOF2 in rainy and dry seasons. On the other hand, there exists little difference of PW over the longitudinal range-gorge but quite obrious difference of rainfall between wet and dry years in rainy seasons, which is possibly related to the special terrain of the longitudinal range-gorge. In the dry seasons, there exists considerable difference of PW and rainfall over the longitudinal range-gorge between wet and dry years, which shows the correlation between PW and rainfall in dry seasons is closer.
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