中文摘要：

纳米复合聚烯烃绝缘材料有望在未来应用于高压直流电缆的制造,但纳米粒子改善介质电性能的根本机制尚未完全清楚。一般认为,在纳米复合聚烯烃介质中,纳米粒子与聚合物之间形成的两相界面对材料的宏观性能起到了关键性作用。Lewis和Takada分别基于胶体化学和静电学理论提出了不同的纳米复合介质中的界面模型,Tanaka根据经过表面处理的纳米粒子与聚合物基体之间的可能关系,提出了多核模型。这些模型都强调了界面对电荷的存储作用,认为复合介质通过存储电荷来改善介电性能。该文综合了国内外研究人员对纳米复合聚乙烯介质界面区微观表征的一些成果,研究人员的研究成果表明：静电力显微镜、同步辐射小角X射线散射、Zeta电位测量等方法和技术,可以作为探测纳米复合介质中的界面荷电现象的可行的手段。多种方法研究表明：在未经极化的Si O2、Al2O3复合聚乙烯体系中观测到了界面荷电分布,符合Lewis的界面荷电模型;而未经极化的Mg O复合体系中未探测到界面荷电现象。热刺激电流（TSC）测试表明复合体系的共同之处是形成均匀致密分布的深陷阱,而且材料的空间电荷抑制特性与这些深陷阱的存在密切相关。在纳米粒子与聚乙烯的复合物中,不论是纳米粒子与聚乙烯直接接触荷电,还是通过外场极化形成界面荷电,都可以理解成电荷入陷深陷阱,深陷阱界面荷电区激发的库仑场,是体系抑制空间电荷注入与改善直流电性的可能机制。

英文摘要：

Nanocomposite polyethylene insulation material is expected to be used in the production of HVDC cable. But the fundamental mechanism of nano-particles to improve the electrical properties is not yet fully understood. It is generally believed that the two-phase interface between the nanoparticles and the polymer plays a critical role in the macroscopic properties of the material. Lewis and Takada proposed different interfacial models in nanocomposite based on colloid chemistry and electrostatic theory. Based on the possible relationship between surface-treated nanoparticles and polymer matrix, a multi-core model was proposed by Tanaka. These models emphasized the effect of charge in interface, and the composite was considered to improve the dielectric properties by storing the charge. In this paper, the microcosmic characterization of the interfacial area in polyethylene nanocomposite by different researchers is reviewed. The research results show that electrostatic force microscopy, synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering and Zeta potential measurement can be used as a feasible means of interfacial charge detection in nanocomposite. Interfacial charge distribution is observed in the SiO_2 and Al_2O_3/polyethylene nanocomposite, which is in accordance with Lewis＇ s interface charge model. While the interface charge phenomenon is not detected in the Mg O/polyethylene nanocomposite. TSC test shows that the commonness of different nanocomposite system is the formation of uniform and dense distribution of the deep traps, and the space charge suppression characteristics are closely related to the existence of these deep traps. In the interface between nano-particles and polyethylene, whether the direct contact or through the field polarization to form the interface charge, the coulomb field excited by interface charge trapped in deep trap area is a possible mechanism for the system to suppress space charge injection and then improve DC dielectric properties.