中文摘要：

现阶段机器人的智能和自主能力仍很薄弱,作业能力的提升、人机交互能力的改善和安全性能的提高是发展的首要目标,需要解决制约人-机交互、人-机合作、人-机融合发展的瓶颈问题,突破三维环境感知、规划和导航、类人的灵巧操作、直观的人-机交互、安全机器人行为等单元技术,建议我国采取发展战略：1加强工业机器人整机设计理论与方法研究,寻求新思维,突破精密减速机、控制器、伺服系统以及高性能驱动器等核心基础部件瓶颈,提升机器人操作灵活性、在线感知能力;2加强服务机器人研究,提升机器人理解人的行为和抽象指令、人机沟通与协调合作能力,建立机器人安全机制;3针对在核辐射、军事战场、自然和人为灾害等危险甚至不可达区域执行任务的需要,开展特种机器人研究,解决在线实时交互、动态未知环境中自主作业等问题,实现机器人与人共处同一环境空间互助作业,为开发国家亟需的现代机器人提供科学理论和关键技术支撑。

英文摘要：

The intelligence and autonomous capability of robots at this stage is still very weak, and the primary development goal is to enhance the operational capacity, improve the ability of man-machine interaction, and upgrade the safety performance by solving the bottleneck issues containing man-machine interaction, cooperation and integration, and grasping the technologies including sensing of three-dimensional environment, planning and navigation, human-like dexterous operation, intuitive man-machine interaction, and safe robot behavior. Following development strategies are recommended： 1 strengthen the research of design theory and method of industrial robots, and seek new ideas to break through the bottlenecks of core infrastructure components including precise reducer, controller, servo system, and high performance driver in order to enhance robot operational flexibility and online sensing capability; 2 strengthen the service robotics research to improve robot＇s understanding of human behavior and abstract instructions as well as man-machine communicated and coordinated and cooperation ability in order to build a robot security mechanism; 3 carry out the research of special robots for the tasks in dangerous or even inaccessible areas, such as nuclear radiation, military battlefield, and natural or man-made disasters to solve the issues of online real-time interaction and autonomous manipulation in dynamic unknown environment and to enable the man-machine cooperation located in the same space/environment. The scientific theories and key technologies are necessary to support the development of modern robots needed by the country.