中文摘要：

“职住平衡”是城市规划理论和实践中应对交通拥堵和长距离通勤的一项重要规划手段，但在现实中却往往得不到好的效果，“职住分离”的趋势反而愈加明显。从就业机会、通勤成本、住房机会和城市公共服务可达性四个方面可以解释城市职住关系的形成机制，通过北京市2010年家庭大样本出行调查的微观样本对这些机制进行实证验证，分析表明：面对“职住分离”，不应将规划凌驾于市场之上，通过主观“设计”居住与产业用地空间配比（“堵”）的方法来追求理想的“职住平衡”目标，而是需要尊重市场规律，在交通、住房和公共服务等方面为居民提供更多的选择机会（“疏”），形成合理的职住关系。

英文摘要：

While ＂jobs-housing balance＂ is often mentioned in urban planning principles, aimed to reduce long commutes and traffic congestion, it is rarely realized in the reality. Through the review of both theoretical and empirical researches relating to jobs-housing imbalance, we come to a conclusion that the jobs-housing structure of a city is affected by jobs attribution, commuting cost, housing availability and the accessibility of public service. We take Beijing as an example to illustrate our findings. Our point of view is that urban planning shall be consistent with the market mechanisms. To achieve a better jobs- housing structure, the government shall provide more choices in transit, housing opportunities and public services.