中文摘要：

综述了两种机械加工强化机理：组织强化和应力强化。根据晶体位错理论分析，组织强化通过改变金属材料微观组织，提高位错密度，使材料流变应力增加，强度提高。介绍了用于解释机械加工位错强化、晶界强化、应变强化、择优取向强化的理论模型及各强化机理在机械加工强化中的作用，分析了应力强化中残余应力的产生原因。以文献研究为基础，总结了机械加工工艺强化原理和工艺设备的发展现状，讨论了机械加工强化机理和强化工艺的对应关系，指出了机械加工强化工艺的发展方向。

英文摘要：

Mechanical machining processes involved micro-structure strengthening mechanism and stress strengthening mechanism were reviewed herein. Material microstructure evolution caused by mechanical machining could improve material performance due to the flow stress increases of the machined workpiece based on the dislocation theory. Theoretical models were applied to explain the mechanism of dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, strain strengthening and preferred orientation strengthening. The effects of these strengthening mechanism on mechanical machi- ning processes were then introduced and the formations of residual stress in stress strengthening process were presented. The principles of mechanical machining processes and the development status of processing equipment were summarized. The relationship between strengthening mechanism and strengthening process was discussed. In the end, the development perspectives of strengthening process were pointed out.