中文摘要：

目的探讨比较醋酸铅与纳米硫化铅暴露对子代大鼠海马中氨基酸类神经递质含量的影响。方法将30只妊娠SPF级SD大鼠随机分为对照组、醋酸铅组和纳米硫化铅组,从妊娠第1天起分别给予醋酸铅（100 mg/kg）及纳米硫化铅（10 mg/kg）灌胃染毒至仔鼠离乳[出生后第21天（postnatal day 21,PND21）],离乳后仔鼠继续染毒至PND42;对照组给予等量的生理盐水。应用Morris水迷宫测试PND21和PND42仔鼠学习与记忆功能。分别于PND1、PND21、PND42选取仔鼠,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定海马铅含量,采用高效液相色谱法检测海马中4种氨基酸类神经递质[谷氨酸（Glu）、丝氨酸（Ser）、甘氨酸（Gly）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）]的含量。结果 Morris水迷宫实验结果表明,醋酸铅组与纳米硫化铅组大鼠逃逸潜伏期均高于对照组（P〈0.05）。与对照组比较,醋酸铅组与纳米硫化铅组PND1、PND21和PND42仔鼠海马铅含量均明显升高（P〈0.05）;与醋酸铅组比较,纳米硫化铅组PND1仔鼠海马铅含量增加（P〈0.05）,而PND21和PND42仔鼠海马铅含量下降（P〈0.05）。与对照组比较,醋酸铅组、纳米硫化铅组PND1、PND21和PND42仔鼠海马Glu含量升高（P〈0.05）,Ser含量下降（P〈0.05）;醋酸铅组PND1、PND21仔鼠海马Ser含量低于纳米硫化铅组（P〈0.05）;醋酸铅组PND1、PND21仔鼠海马Gly含量显著下降（P〈0.05）,纳米硫化铅组PND21、PND42仔鼠海马Gly含量下降（P〈0.05）;醋酸铅组与纳米硫化铅组仔鼠海马GABA含量下降（P〈0.05）。结论醋酸铅与纳米硫化铅暴露均可使仔鼠海马中氨基酸类神经递质的含量发生改变,从而引起兴奋性神经毒作用,导致学习记忆能力下降。低剂量的纳米硫化铅引起Glu和GABA变化与醋酸铅一致,提示应该重视纳米硫化铅暴露引起的神经损伤。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the effect of lead acetate and PbS nanoparticles on the content of amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of offspring rats. Methods Thirty healthy pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into the control group,lead acetate group and Pb S nanoparticles group. Rats in lead acetate group and Pb S nanoparticles group were given the lead acetate at dose of 100 mg / kg and Pb S nanoparticles at dose of 10 mg / kg by gavage from the first day of pregnancy to PND21 of pups. The weaned pups were dealt with the same treatment till PND42. Rats in the control group were given the same amount saline. Learning and memory function of PND21 and PND42 were studied using the Morris water maze. The lead content in hippocampus was determined by ICP-MS at PND1,PND21,and PND42. High performance liquid chromatography was applied to detect the content of 4 kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter including glutamate（ Glu）,serine（ Ser）,glycine（ Gly） and γ-aminobutyric acid（ GABA） in hippocampus. Results Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of lead acetate group and Pb S nanoparticles group were significant higher than that of control group（ P〈0. 05）. The lead concentrations in hippocampus of PND1,PND21 and PND42 pups in lead acetate group and Pb S nanoparticles group increased than the control（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with lead acetate,the lead levels in hippocampus of Pb S nanoparticles group were lower at PND21 and PND42（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with the control group,Glu contents in hippocampus of PND1,PND21 and PND42 offspring rats in lead acetate group and Pb S nanoparticles group were higher and Ser content were lower（ P〈0. 05）. Meanwhile,the Ser content of PND1 and PND21 in lead acetate group were lower than those in Pb S nanoparticles group（ P〈0. 05）. Moreover,Gly content of the PND1 and PND21 pups in lead acetate group and Gly levels of PND21 and PND42 pups in Pb S nanoparticles group were significantly decreased than those in control group（ P?