中文摘要：

锚杆在支护大变形隧道工程时常因变形过大而发生拉断破坏,为推广可延伸性锚杆在大变形隧道中的应用,提出了恒阻挤压滑移让压锚杆,通过挤压并拉伸锚杆杆体来消耗高地应力引起的围岩形变能量,实现让压功能;通过调整挤压套的位置、握裹力,可以依据具体大变形隧道工程的围岩特性,调节让压锚杆的让压荷载、最大让压量。通过室内试验,证明了恒阻挤压滑移让压锚杆让压装置可靠性,获得了恒阻挤压滑移让压锚杆力学特性。以兰渝线毛羽山隧道为应用工程,试验结果表明：让压锚杆在大变形隧道工程中可以保证可靠的让压效果;在软弱不良大变形隧道工程中,宜采用注浆等手段以保证让压锚杆的有效支护性能;让压锚杆可以有效控制围岩变形,保证大变形隧道中围岩的收敛效果。

英文摘要：

In large deformation tunnel, the supporting bolt tensile failure occurrs frequently due to the excessive deformation. In order to extend the application of the bolt in large deformation tunnel, a yielding bolt with constant resistance and extrusion slip is developed. It realizes the function of yielding by extruding and stretching the bolt to consume the energy of surrounding rock deformation caused by high grourld stress. By adjusting the position and grip of the extrusion sleeve, the yielding pressure and the maximum yielding distance can be adjusted based on the specific characteristics of the surrounding rock in large deformation tunnel engineering. Through the indoor experiment, it has proved that the yielding bolt with constant resistance and extrusion slip is reliable. The mechanical characteristic of the yielding bolt is obtained. The yielding bolt is applied to the Maoyu tunnel engineering at Lanzhou-Chongqing railway, the experimental results show that the yielding bolt in large deformation tunnel engineering can exert an effect of yielding support reliably, but in soft rock tunnel with large deformation, the grouting and other means should be used to guarantee the yielding bolt effective support. Yielding bolt can effectively control the deformation of surrounding rock, and ensure the convergence effect of large deformation of surrounding rock in tunnel.