中文摘要：

用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对云冈石窟石雕风化物进行了研究,从微观角度分析了不同开凿年代风化样品差异的原因和不同深度样品在微观角度呈现的差异现象。结果表明：随着时间的推移,石雕风化物中的Al4Si4O10（OH）8含量逐渐减少,而SiO2和KAlSi3O8的相对增多。元素Al和Si的含量开凿于晚期的相对高于开凿于早期的石窟,而开凿于晚期的石窟中元素K的含量则低于开凿于早期的石窟。纵向看,石雕风化物表层K,Al元素含量高于内层,Si元素的含量则低于内层的值。

英文摘要：

The Yungang Grottoes weathered stone were studied by X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The weathered reason for the different digging period and the different depth of weathered samples were studied from the microscopic view.The results show that as time goes on, the Al4Si4O10（OH）8content of weathered stone reduces, and the SiO2 and KAlSi3O8content relatively increase. The elements Al and Si content of weathered stones which were dug in late period is relatively higher than those dug in early period, while the elements K content of weathered stones which were dug in late period is relatively lower than those dug in early period. From the vertical, the surface elements K and Al content of weathered stone is higher than the inner layer, while the content of Si element is lower than the inner layer