中文摘要：

人类食物链养分的流动及其管理决定了资源、环境、社会经济、生产、食物安全等多个可持续发展目标的实现。结合近年研究结果和文献资料，系统地分析了我国未来可持续发展中食物链养分管理的重要性及其难点。提出了相应的优化食物链养分管理建议。分析结果表明，在21世纪，随着中国人口增长、社会经济发展和生活水平的逐步提高，食物链养分流量将进一步加大。更多的资源消耗和环境养分排放也随之而来；未来将面临更为严峻的食物链养分问题；目前的养分管理模式不适应于未来的需求。这些问题将是我国可持续发展面临的重要挑战。为此，提出优化食物营养结构以减少过量养分摄入、加快提高食物链养分利用效率和养分循环率、加强食物链养分管理研究等建议。

英文摘要：

The nutrient flux and its management are very important for sustainable development of a society. Based on recent research results, the significance and problems of the nutrient management within the whole food chain for sustainable development of China in the 21st century are analyzed and countermeasures of optimizing food chain nutrient management are suggested. The results show that with the increase of population, with development of economy and improvement of human life, the nutrient fluxes in the food chain will significantly increase and, as a result, the nutrient emission to environment will also significantly increase and the resources for fertilizer production will become exhausted. However, the current strategies of nutrient management in China are not adequate, which will pose a great challenge for China＇s sustainable development, Therefore, some countermeasures are suggested, such as 1） optimizing the diet structure to decrease excessive nutrient consumption, 2） increasing the efficiency of nutrient use and nutrient recycling by improving the nutrient management policies and technologies, and 3） strengthening the research to develop new policies and techniques of nutrient management in food chain system.