中文摘要：

目的探讨高风险科室住院患者中艰难梭菌感染或定植流行趋势,为艰难梭菌有效预防与控制措施的提出提供理论依据。方法收集2014年9月医院感染高风险科室住院的128例患者肛拭子标本,经厌氧培养,通过VIDAS荧光酶联免疫技术进行艰难梭菌毒素A/B检测,利用多重PCR技术进行艰难梭菌毒素基因检测,并对艰难梭菌阳性患者的临床病理特征进行分析。结果 128例患者中艰难梭菌培养阳性22例,阳性率17.19%;22株艰难梭菌中有21株为A/B毒素表型呈阳性,占95.45%,1株未检出A/B毒素;22例艰难梭菌培养阳性患者均为无症状携带者,其中90.91%的患者近期使用过抗菌药物。结论医院感染高风险科室的产毒艰难梭菌检出率较高,应注重该类患者的艰难梭菌监测和有效预防控制措施的落实。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemic status of Clostridium difficile infection or colonization in hospitalized patients from the departments at high risk of nosocomial infections so as to provide theoretical basis for effective control and prevention of C .difficileinfection .METHODS A total of 128 anal swab specimens were collected from the patients who were hospitalized the departments at high risk of nosocomial infections in Sep , 2014;the anaerobic culture was carried out ,the C .dif ficile toxin A/B test was performed by using VIDAS fluorescence enzyme immunoassay ,the genes in the C .difficiletoxin were detected with the use of multiple PCR technique ,and the clinical pathological characteristics of the patients tested positive for C .difficilewere analyzed .RESULTS The C .difficile was cultured positive in 22 of 128 patients , with the positive rate of 17 .19% .Of the 22 strains of C .difficile,21 strains showed the positive phenotype of toxin A/B ,accounting for 95 .45% ,and 1 strain was tested negative for toxin A/B .In addition ,all of the 22 patients with C .difficileculture‐positive were asymptomatic carriers and 90 .91% of them used antibiotics recently .CONCLUSIONS The isolation rate of toxin‐producing C .difficileis high in the departments at high risk of nosocomial infections .It is necessary to focus on the surveillance of C .difficilein such group of patients and take effective prevention measures .