中文摘要：

本文分析发现，不同于成熟工业化国家在工业效率大幅提升基础上的主动去工业化，中国工业尚有较大发展空间，且人均收入远未达到工业化国家去工业化时的水平，此时收缩工业产出和就业规模，可视为过早去工业化，会对中国经济增长前景产生不利影响。新常态下产业结构转型升级最优路径的选择应以改善资源配置效率和提高生产率为基本原则，至少应包括两个重要内容，一是传统制造业通过技术改造、化解过剩产能向高附加值和高加工度升级，二是高端制造业和现代服务业融合互动发展。

英文摘要：

Different from those mature industrialized countries, which initiatively de-industileized on the basis of a substantial increase in industrial efficiency, this paper finds that Chinese industry still has large room for development. Meanwhile, Per capita income in China is far below the level at which industrialized counties take de-industileized actions. Shrinking industrial outputs and employment scale at this time can be regarded as premature de-industrialization, and it will have negative impact on prospective of China＇ s economic development. Industrial structure transformation and upgrading should take the improvement of resources allocation efficiency and enhancement of productivity as basic principle. That is, it should include at least two important contents. On the on hand, through technological transformation and resolving excess capacity, traditional manufacturing industry upgrades toward to high value-added and high degree of processing. On the other hand, high-end manufacturing industry and modern service industry develop interactively.