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中文摘要：
断层、盐丘、溶洞、裂缝等非均质体作为现阶段构造、岩性解释的重要目标，在地震记录上多表现为极其复杂的绕射波响应特征，正确识别和成像绕射波对油气勘探开发具有十分重要的现实意义.然而，常规的处理流程和成像方法都是针对反射波而言的，会在一定程度上压制携带高分辨率信息的绕射波波场，针对这一问题，本文根据绕射波和反射波在合成平面波记录上的时距曲线差异，采用平面波解构滤波器（PWD）从全波波场中提取出绕射波波场，然后采用基于共散射点道集（CSP）的叠前时间偏移方法，充分利用绕射波波场的信息，不仅可以得到较为可靠的均方根速度场，而且可以改善特殊地质体的成像效果.二维SEG/EAGE盐丘模型处理表明，本文提出的方法正确有效，具有一定的应用价值.
英文摘要：
The important heterogeneous objectives of structural and lithologic interpretation, such as faults, salts, karst caves and fractures et al, usually act as extremely complex diffractions on the seismic record. Therefore, it＇s very important to correctly identify and image diffractions for hydrocarbon exploration and production. However, high-resolution information, encoded in diffracted waves, is generally lost during conventional seismic data processing workflow and imaging methods, which incline towards reflections. We propose here method to extract diffractions from total wavefield by plane wave destructor based on the differences of time distance curve in the simulated plane wave sections. After extraction, prestack time migration velocity analysis and imaging method based on common scattering-point gathers is used to obtain reliable root-mean-square velocity field and high resolution imaging result specific to diffractions. The synthetic example of 2-D SEG/EAGE salt demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and applicable.
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