中文摘要：

随着纳米材料在护肤品、食品和生物医药等领域中的广泛应用，其对人类健康以及生态环境的影响逐渐引起关注. 线粒体具有独特的结构和功能，与细胞的生命活动密切相关，且作为纳米材料的主要靶细胞器，在纳米材料引起的毒性效应中起着重要作用. 本文结合近几年国内外研究，综述了纳米银（Ag-NPs）、纳米氧化锌（ZnO-NPs）、纳米二氧化钛（TiO2-NPs）、单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、石墨烯与氧化石墨烯（GO）以及富勒烯（C60-NPs）及其衍生物等几类典型纳米材料对线粒体的影响，并归纳讨论了线粒体在这几类典型纳米材料毒性中的作用机制，如纳米材料均可通过诱导氧化应激产生ROS引起级联反应，破坏线粒体结构与功能，影响ATP的产生以及激活线粒体介导的细胞凋亡等，最终诱导细胞产生遗传毒性与细胞毒性；但不同的纳米材料的毒性效应与其本身的尺寸、形状、化学组成、表面修饰、金属杂质、团聚与分散性等物理化学性质紧密相关. 最后对纳米材料进入线粒体的靶向性及其代谢途径，纳米材料影响线粒体与其他细胞器的相互作用等研究焦点，以及异硫氰酸酯荧光素作为生物标记荧光分子标记纳米材料、透射电镜结合动态光散射确定纳米颗粒尺寸等相关新技术的应用进行了探讨.

英文摘要：

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles are used more and more in our daily life, including personal care products, food and medicine. With a wide range of applications of nanoparticles, their potential risks in human health and ecological environment have caused great concern. Mitochondria as one of the most sensitive targets of nanoparticles play an important role in toxicity because of their unique structure and function. Many studies have focused on the role of mitochondria in the toxicity of nanoparticles. This review summarizes the recent studies on the mitochondrial mechanism of the toxicity of typical nanoparticles including silver nanoparticles （Ag - NPs）, zinc oxide nanoparticles （ZnO - NPs）, titanium dioxide nanoparticles （TiO2 - NPs）, single-wall carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs）, multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs）, graphene oxide （GO） and fullerene （C60 - NPs）. These nanoparticles would induce oxidative stress generating reactive oxygen radicals （ROS） and causing cascade reaction, disrupt mitochondrial structure and function, affect adenosine triphosphate （ATP） production significant for cell activity, and activate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, which could induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. However, different nanoparticles have different biological effects because of their diversified physicochemical properties such as particle size, shape, chemical composition, surface modification, metal impurities, agglomeration and dispersibility. In addition, this review discusses the targeting and metabolism pathways of nanoparticles in mitochondria, the influence of nanoparticles on the interaction of mitochondria with other organelles, as well as the new technologies such as using fluorescein isothiocyanate as biomarkers for tracking nanoparticles, or combining transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering for determining the size of nanoparticles.