中文摘要：

随着磁现象在家电、材料、医疗和通讯等领域中的广泛应用,其对人类健康以及生态环境的影响逐渐引起关注,进一步评价有关电磁辐射的生物效应具有非常重要的理论和应用价值.模式生物秀丽线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）因饲养简单、经济有效、发育及遗传背景清楚等优点,在磁场生物效应研究中起着重要作用.本文概述了磁场分类及生物电磁特性,综述了近几年国内外利用秀丽线虫评价不同磁场的生物效应及其潜在机制的研究.磁场的生物效应与磁场本身的特点及生物电磁特性紧密相关.磁场可减缓线虫发育速率,缩短寿命,降低后代数目,引起行为能力下降及行为紊乱等生物效应,其中发育与老化相关基因、凋亡与insulin/IGF-1信号通路在磁响应上发挥着关键作用.磁场暴露还可显著提高线虫的氧化应激水平,增加能量代谢并限制进食水平,但诱导的部分生物效应可随暴露时间的延长被机体耐受或代偿.此外,磁场与生物体的相互作用受到磁感强度、作用时间和磁场运动状态等多种参数的影响,不同的磁场暴露环境可能会导致相反的结果.最后探讨了胚胎及幼体暴露后的发育毒性、孕期暴露的生殖及可遗传毒性等研究焦点,以及高通量测序筛选敏感基因靶点、免疫组化结合电镜观察异染色质评价表观遗传效应、活体药物转运系统筛选辐射防护剂等相关新技术的应用.

英文摘要：

With the increasing usage of magnetic fields in household appliance, material science, medicine and communication, its effects on human health and the environment have drawn great concern. So far there is no clear and definitive evidence of its negative influence on humans. In recent decades, increasing studies hav e been performed in order to understand the influence of magnetic fields on living organisms. Among them the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans（C. elegans） plays an important role in exploring the biological effects of magnetic fields, due to its advantages of genetic manipulability, invariant and fully described developmental program, well-characterized genome, easy maintenance, as well as short and prolific life cycle. Biological effects of magnetic fields are found to be closely dependent on the field properties and electromagnetic properties of biological tissues. This review d escribes the classification of magnetic fields, electromagnetic properties of biological tissues and the advantages of C. elegans in studying magnetic fields. The biological effects of magnetic fields on C. elegans are summarized as slowing growth, shortening life span, decreasing total fecundity, weakening locomotory capability and causing behavior disorders. Re sults indicate that the biological effects induced by magnetic fields on C. elegans are crucially regulated by the genes associated with development and aging, as well as the pathways related to apoptosis and insulin/IGF-1. The magnetic fields may also increase oxidative stress, enhance energy metabolism and restrict dietary in C.elegans, but the effects may be well tolerated or compensated for by the living organism. The interaction between magnetic fields and organisms is inf luenced by multiple parameters such as magnetic intensity, exposure time and magnetic field type. Different conditions could lead to opposite results. In addition, this review discusses the toxicity induced by magnetic field exposure, including developmental toxicity in embryos and the