中文摘要：

美国政府的备灾能力构建经历了从目标能力到核心能力的转变过程,转变后的31项核心能力周期延伸,涉及的范围更加广泛,注重对信息的控制和保护,能力的指向性明确,能够应时而变,整个备灾能力体系点、线、面相结合,为美国备灾活动的开展奠定了强大的软实力。我国应借鉴美国的经验,构建涵盖预防、保护、减轻、响应以及恢复领域的备灾能力,备灾能力的设计要精准凝炼、导向明确,并且努力提高应急人员的信息素质,将各级政府的脆弱性评估和风险评估常规化。

英文摘要：

The building of preparedness capabilities in the U.S has changed from the target capabilities to core capabilities. The 31 core capabilities extend the cycle, involve a broader range, focus on the control and protection of information, have a clear direction, change from time to time, and combine the points, lines and planes in the whole system, which laid a strong soft power for the disaster preparedness activities in the U.S. Our nation should learn from its experience and build preparedness capabilities covering prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery areas, The preparedness capabilities being designed should be precisely concise and in clear direction, make efforts to improve emergency personnel＇s information literacy, and adopt vulnerability assessment and risk assessment in government at all levels.