中文摘要：

基本公共服务受益均等化要求新型农村合作医疗服务应有效地保障贫困地区的农民大致均等地享受该服务。本文运用边际受益归宿分析技术,实证测度了2007-2011年中国244个地级市（州）的新农合边际受益率,来探究贫困地区的农民是否真的从新农合中受益。研究发现：第一,与富裕地区相比,贫困地区的新农合边际受益率更高。2007-2011年,最贫困地区的新农合边际受益率分别为1.287 8、1.179 3、1.065 9、0.985 7和1.202 7,最富裕地区的新农合边际受益率分别为0.751 8、0.671 6、0.597 6、0.888 8和0.922 9。第二,从动态角度观察,贫困地区与富裕地区新农合边际受益率的差值在逐渐缩小。2007年,最贫困地区和最富裕地区的新农合边际受益率相差0.536 0,2011年,这一差值缩小为0.279 8。第三,传统的平均受益分析低估了贫困地区的新农合受益水平。以2007年为例,通过平均受益分析得到的最贫困地区的受益份额为24.20%,而边际受益归宿分析结果显示,最贫困地区从整体新农合受益提高中增加的受益份额达到了32.20%,较平均受益份额高出8个百分点,亦即,贫困地区的农民从新农合服务的扩张中可以获得更大的受益,在新农合服务的缩减中可能遭受更大的损失。本文的结论表明,国家在新农合中＂亲贫＂的政策倾向更多地惠及了贫困地区,新农合的受益均等化程度越来越高。为保证贫困地区的农民在更大程度上受益,政府应实施＂精准医保扶贫＂,加大新农合投入;多元化新农合服务供给渠道,加强地区间协调配合;优化新农合资源配置,完善对地方政府和相关官员的激励约束机制,提高贫困地区新农合的生产效率。

英文摘要：

The new rural cooperative medical service should effectively ensure farmers from poor areas to enjoy the service more equally,which is required by equalization of benefit from basic public services. This paper evaluates the marginal incidence of the new cooperative medical scheme in rural China based on data from 244 prefectures from 2007 to 2011. The results show that,firstly,the poor areas benefit more from the new rural cooperative medical services compared with rich areas. From 2007 to 2011,the marginal benefit rates of the new rural cooperative medical system for the poorest areas were 1. 287 8,1. 179 3,1. 065 9,0. 985 7 and 1. 202 7,and the marginal benefit rates of the richest regions were 0. 751 8,0. 671 6,0. 597 6,0. 888 8 and 0. 922 9 respectively. Secondly,the difference of marginal benefit rate between poor areas and rich areas was narrowing. In 2007,the difference of marginal benefit rate between the poorest areas and the richest areas was 0. 536 0,and it decreased to 0. 279 8 in 2011. Thirdly,conventional methods for assessing benefit incidence underestimate the gains to the poor areas from new rural cooperative medical scheme. Taking 2007 as an example,the average benefit analysis suggests that the share going to the poorest areas is 24. 20%,while the marginal benefit analysis shows that the poorest areas obtain an 32. 20% increase in the total benefit of the new rural cooperative medical scheme. That is,farmers in poor areas can get more benefits from the expansion of the new rural cooperative medical service,and lose more through the reduction of the service. The conclusion shows that the policy of pro-poor in the new rural cooperative medical scheme benefits the poor areas more,and leads to higher degree of equalization of benefits of the new rural cooperative medical scheme. In order to ensure farmers in poor areas benefit to a greater extent,the government should implement the policy of ＂precision medical insurance poverty alleviation＂and increase investment in the new rural cooperative me