中文摘要：

miRNAs（microRNAs）是真核生物中一类大小约为21nt，并具有调控功能的非编码小分子单链RNA。miRNAs能够调控水稻基因的表达，对水稻的发育和生理机能至关重要。miRNA沉默途径可以抵御水稻病毒的入侵，减小病毒侵染带来的危害。然而，一些病毒也会编码各种针对miRNA沉默途径的沉默抑制子来对抗这种机制。于是，miRNAs和水稻病毒之间就形成了一种抑制与反抑制的动态平衡体系。现对水稻病毒与其宿主miRNAs之间的相互作用进行了系统的阐述，以期深入理解水稻病毒与宿主相互作用的机制并为水稻病害的防治提供新的思路与方法。

英文摘要：

miRNAs （mieroRNAs）, a type of small non-coding RNAs （about 21 nt in size）, exist widespread in eukaryotic cellS, miRNAs can regulate gene expression and are crucial for the development and physiology of rice. miRNA silencing pathways protect rice from viral attack, and viruses in turn have developed defense mechanisms by encoding various suppressors of miRNA silencing. Thus, this forms a dynamic balance of suppression and counter-suppression between miRNAs and viruses in rice. The review focuses on the interaction of viruses and their host miRNAs systematically, so as to understand deeply the relationship between viruses and rice. This also provides new ideas and methods for the control of rice diseases.