中文摘要：

古代牛奶残留物研究是国际科技考古界的热点方向之一,分析方法主要有脂肪酸单体碳同位素分析和蛋白质免疫性分析,但国内相关研究尚未开展。本研究利用商品化的酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）试剂盒,对新疆吐鲁番地区鄯善县苏贝希遗址出土的黑色块状残留物进行分析。结果发现,其中含有少量牛酪蛋白,可见该残留物可能为牛奶制品或掺杂了牛奶,这说明最迟在公元前3到5世纪牛奶就已出现在我国新疆先民的食谱中。分析手段的成熟,可广泛应用于我国古代牛奶残留物的快速检测。

英文摘要：

Ancient milk residues research is a hot spot of international scientific archeology.Major analytical methods currently in use include stable carbon isotope composition of individual fatty acid and protein immunoassay.Such research has not been developed in China.In this research,a commercial ELISA kit was adopted to analyze the black block residue from the Subeixi Site in Shanshan county,Turpan district,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.ELISA analysis demonstrated the presence of a small amount of bovine casein in the residue.Thus,the detected residue could be a milk product or a certain substance blended with milk.It suggested that the milk had been included in an ancient diet no later than the third to fifth century B.C.among the people in Xinjiang area.This analytical method is well developed,and could be widely applied to the fast detection of ancient milk residues in China.