中文摘要：

采用RAPD技术对江西省井冈山5个血水草种群进行了遗传多样性研究。从50条随机引物中筛选出16条随机引物对血水草的90个个体进行了扩增，共得到180条可统计条带，其中156条为多态带，占总条带数的85．56％。根据Shannon指数和Nei’s遗传分化指数分析显示5个种群间的遗传多样性为31．50％、遗传分化系数为0．3029，表明血水草大部分遗传变异存在于种群内，少部分存在种群间。血水草的基因流（Nm）为1．1508。采用算数平均数的非加权成组配对法（UPMGA）对Nei’s的一致度进行的聚类分析结果显示梨坪种群和水口种群的遗传距离最近（0．1209），茨坪种群和荆竹山种群的遗传距离最远（0．2349）。Mantel相关性分析结果显示血水草种群间的遗传距离不仅与海拔梯度有关，还与其生境有关。

英文摘要：

The genetic diversity of Eomecon chionantha Hance populations in five different habitats, namely, bamboo forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, shrubs, conifer and broad-leaved forest and firforest, was ana- lyzed by polymorphic DNA technique. Sixteen primers were selected from 50 random primers amplified 180 frag- ments in 90 individuals of E. chionantha, in which 156 segments were polymorphic. The rate !of polymorphism was 85.56%. By Shannon index, the ratio of genetic diversity among 5 populations was 31.50%, the Nei＇ s ge- netic differentiation index was 0.302 9. Results from two indices showed that genetic variation among populations was the small part of the genetic diversity. Most of the genetic variation existed within populations. The number of migrants per generation was 1. 150 8. The matrix for five populations displayed that ： genetic distance between Ciping population and Jingzhushan population was 0.234 9 ; the highest genetic identity was 0. 886 1 between Li- ping population and Shuikou population. The dendrogram based on Nei＇ s genetic identity clustered by UPMGA showed the same result： the genetic distance within populations was significantly related to the altitude and environmental heterogeneity by survival space.