中文摘要：

分析了超声速气流磁流体加速的基本原理，主要从磁流体动力学（magnetohydrodynamics，MHD）加速方案、高超声速MHD风洞及MHD推进系统3个方面对国内外研究进行了回顾和小结，提出了相应的关键技术和难点问题．通过综述MHD加速技术的应用和发展，认识到：国外的研究工作比较全面，国内则开展较晚且主要集中于数值模拟；磁流体加速的工作机理还不是很清晰，且还有较多工程实际问题需要解决。

英文摘要：

The electromagnetic hydrodynamics are widely applied in aeronautics and astronautics. The magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） technology, especially, the technology of the MHD acceleration is a hot topic in this area. This paper analyzes the basic principle of the MHD acceleration, and then reviews its studies on three main aspects, that is, the MHD acceleration project, the hypersonic MHD wind tunnel development and the MHD propulsion explorement, including the key techniques and difficult problems. For the supersonic airflow acceleration technology based on the MHD, it is shown that the studies in the world cover a wide field, but the domestic studies lag behind, concentrating on numerical investigations; the mechanism of the MHD acceleration needs further studies; and there are still some engineering bottlenecks need to be solved.