中文摘要：

目的探讨北京市日均气温与每日湿疹门诊人次的相关性。方法收集2012年4月至2014年4月期间北京市气象因素（日均气温、相对湿度等）、大气污染物（PM2.5、PM10、SO2和NO2）浓度及该期间就诊于某医院的北京户籍湿疹病例。采用分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）,通过平滑函数控制长期趋势、节假日效应和星期几效应,拟合日均气温与每日门诊人次的暴露-反应关系模型,分析北京市日均气温与湿疹门诊人次的相关性。结果日均气温与每日湿疹门诊人次的暴露-反应关系呈＂U＂型,最适气温为10℃。对于总人群、女性、儿童、15～34岁人群,高温在不同滞后时间的累积效应均高于低温的累积效应;在滞后0～15 d时,高温（P99,30.44℃）相对于最适气温,总人群、女性、儿童和15～34岁人群因湿疹就诊的RR值分别为1.87（95%CI：1.14～3.07）,1.62（95%CI：1.01～2.58）,1.44（95%CI：0.55～3.78）和1.13（95%CI：0.72～1.75）。对于男性和60岁以上人群,气温对湿疹门诊人次的影响主要表现为低温的累积效应;在滞后0～15 d时,低温（P1,-8.04℃）相对于最适气温,60岁以上人群因湿疹就诊的RR值为2.23（95%CI：1.09～4.55）。结论高温和低温均可引起湿疹就诊风险增加,且滞后效应约为15 d。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the relationship between daily mean temperature and outpatient visits for eczema in Beijing. Methods The data of meteorological factors （mean temperature and relative humidity） and air pollutants （PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2） in Beijing from April 2012 to April 2014 were collected. Meanwhile, the daily number of people who diagnosed as eczema in a hospital was also collected. Distributed lag non-linear model was fitted to determine the relationship between mean temperature and outpatient visits for eczema in Beijing, by using the natural cubic spline function to adjust trends of time, day of week and holiday. Results The graphical associations between mean temperature and outpatient visits for eczema were observed as ＂U＂ shape, and the optimum temperature corresponding to low risk of outpatient visits for eczema was about 10 ℃. For the total patients, female, children and population aged 15 to 34, the hot effects of high temperature were stronger than the cold effects of low temperature. For hot effects at 30.44 ℃ relatively to the optimum temperature over lag 0-15 days, the relative risks of outpatient visits for total, female, children and population aged between 15 and 34 were 1.87 （95%CI： 1.14- 3.07）, 1.62 （95% CI： 1.01-2.58）, 1.44 （95%CI：0.55-3.78） and 1.13 （95% C1：0.72-1.75）, respectively. While for male and population aged above 60, the cold effects of low temperature were observed stronger than the hot effects. Over lag0-15 days, the relative risk of low temperature （-8.04 ℃） against with the optimum temperature was 2.23 （95%CI： 1.09-4.55） for those people aged above 60 who diagnosed as eczema. Conchlsion Both the high and low temperatures may result in relative risk of outpatient visits with eczema increase with lag effects up to 15 days.