中文摘要：

近年来,随着核工业的不断发展,核燃料需求量不断增长,铀矿开采产生的铀尾矿数量持续增加。由于铀尾矿具有放射性核素和重金属含量高、污染范围广和危害隐蔽性的特征,如何高效、安全的处理铀尾矿已成为核工业领域亟需解决的瓶颈问题。本文通过对比分析国内外铀尾矿治理方法发现：充填法能减少铀尾矿的占地面积,但会使井下的氡析出率变高且容易污染地下水;覆盖法治理效果好,适用范围广,容易和其他方法结合组成综合法,但是成本较高;生物化学法对目标元素的去除效果较好;而综合法虽然应用前景广阔,但目前技术还不成熟。并在此基础上,总结了目前铀尾矿治理中存在的关键问题,提出了针对性的建议,可为今后铀尾矿污染治理及治理新技术的开发提供借鉴意义。

英文摘要：

With the development of nuclear industry and the increasing demand of nuclear fuel ,more and more uranium tailings which contain large amount of radionuclide and heavy metals are left after the exploitation ,bring pollution in a wider area and have hidden hazards .Disposing uranium tailings effectively and safely has become a key problem to be solved urgently in nuclear industry .Based on the contrast analysis of the latest literature of uranium tailings treatment techniques around the world ,It was found that the back‐filling method can reduce the footprint of uranium tailings ,but will make underground radon exhalation rate higher and easily contaminate groundwater ;the covering method has the advantages of good effect ,wide applicability and facility in conjunction with other methods except for a higher cost ;the bio‐chemical method remediation can better remove object elements ;the comprehensive treatment method is a immature technology with broad application prospects .On this basis ,some key problems in dealing with uranium tailings are summarized and corresponding suggestions are put forward ,which can provide helpful reference for future uranium tailings pollution treatment and new treatment technologies development .