中文摘要：

采用整体-局部任务范式，通过事件相关电位技术（ERPs）同时结合问卷测量，考察心理疲劳对射击运动员整体加工和局部加工产生的影响。12名射击运动员参加实验。首先通过目标追踪任务诱发心理疲劳，然后使用心理疲劳问卷评估心理疲劳程度，再让被试进行整体-局部加工任务。结果发现：（1）目标追踪任务能够有效地诱发心理疲劳；（2）射击运动员完成整体知觉任务的反应时更快，准确率更高；（3）在心理疲劳状态下，射击运动员对整体知觉任务中一致条件的反应更快，准确率更高，在额区和中央区引发的N2、P3波幅更高；但是，对局部知觉任务中一致和不一致条件的反应时和准确率以及N2、P3波幅之间的差异不显著。这些结果表明，心理疲劳对整体和局部加工有着不同的影响。整体加工相对自动化，受心理疲劳的影响较小，而局部加工依赖于有意搜索，受心理疲劳的影响较大。研究揭示了心理疲劳对于注意的局部加工的影响及其神经关联，对未来射击运动员特定干预措施设计具有启发意义。

英文摘要：

It is widely accepted that in visual perception, one can focus attention on either global or local features of the environment. The nature of such attention focusing is similar to a zoom lens. Attention focus can be broad which enhances the processing of global features. By contrast, attention focus can also be narrow, which facilitates the processing of details, i. e. , local features. Interestingly, extensive research showed that mental fatigue can also influence the scope of attention focus. Mental fatigue refers to the effects that people may experience after or during prolonged periods of cognitive activity. Mental fatigue due to prolonged task performance is a common phenomenon in our everyday lives. Mental fatigue influences nearly all aspects of cognitive and emotional functioning in humans. For rifie shooters, they demand intensive and focused attention. When shooters become fatigued, they usually report difficulties in concentrating and focusing their attention on the tasks they are required to perform. Several studies have indicated that local processing is more strongly dependent on top-down control of attention. Hence, we expect that particularly local processing will be disturbed under fatigue. In the present study, we investigated whether working on object tracking tasks which induces mental fatigue had a subsequent differential effect on global and local processing. Twelve rifle shooters participated in this study. Firstly, we had our subjects perform multiple object tracking tasks continuously for two hours without rest to induce mental fatigue. Shooters were then presented with stimulus letters that consisted of the same or different letters. In this task, shooters under mental fatigue were instructed to respond quickly and accurately to stimuli that contain either global or local targets. With this kind of stimuli and task instructions, shooters had to shift flexibly between searching the global and local level for targets. Reaction time, number of errors, and event-related brain potentials wer