中文摘要：

冬虫夏草是青藏高原特色名贵中药材,是其无性型中国被毛孢寄生于蝙蝠蛾科幼虫后形成的虫生子囊真菌,具有极高的经济和科研价值。对冬虫夏草遗传种质的明确和鉴定是深入开展科学研究和资源开发的基础,现从冬虫夏草的命名、分类、无性型、遗传多态性及地理分化等方面介绍了冬虫夏草的生物系统学进展,以期为这一珍贵真菌资源的生物学研究和可持续利用提供理论参考。

英文摘要：

Ophiocordyceps sinensis,an entomogenous fungus parasitic in the larvae of ghost moths（Lepidoptera）,has always been used as one of the most valued Traditional Chinese Medicines from Tibetan Plateau.Identification of Ophiocordyceps sinensis genetic germplasm is the basis of scientific research and resource development.Therefore,the biosystematic advances of O.sinensis including denomination,classification,anamorph,genetic diversity and geographical differentiation were introduced,aiming to provide the theoretical references to biological researches and sustainable use of this precious mushroom.