中文摘要：

从为气象学，电离层，和气候观察系统的星座的 GPS 收音机隐藏数据(宇宙) 使命被用来验证发出声音联合起来的先进微波的大小 -- 一(AMSU -- 一) 在从不同卫星的更低的平流层。AMSU -- 从二不同 calibrationsthe 的 A 观察预先发射与微波亮度温度(Tb ) 相比的运作、发射以后的同时的天底天桥(SNO ) calibrationswere 从宇宙的数据模仿了。从三颗卫星的观察(NOAA-15， -16, 和 -18) 在比较被使用。结果显示出那 AMSU -- 从刻度并且从所有三颗 NOAA 卫星的 A Tb 大小在更低的平流层被低估，并且偏爱在极的冬季是更大的，特别在南部的高纬度上。与运作的刻度相比，校准 SNO 的 AMSU -- 一个数据相对宇宙的数据生产了小得多的偏爱。改进被一个比率索引由于 SNO 刻度确定，它测量了偏爱变化从对相对在运作校准 AMSU 之间的偏爱的 SNO 刻度运作 -- 一个数据和宇宙的数据。比率价值是为 NOAA-15 的 70 % 并且 > 为显示 SNO 刻度方法显著地减少了 AMSU 的 NOAA-18 和 -16, 的 80 %-- A 偏爱和有效地改进的 AMSU -- 数据质量。

英文摘要：

GPS radio occultation data from the Constel- lation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate （COSMIC） mission were used to validate the measurements of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A （AMSU-A） in the lower stratosphere from different satel- lites. AMSU-A observations from two different calibra- tions-the pre-launch operational and post-launch simultaneous nadir overpass （SNO） calibrations--were compared to microwave brightness temperatures （Tb） simulated from COSMIC data. Observations from three satellites （NOAA-15, -16, and -18） were used in the comparison. The results showed that AMSU-A Tb mea- surements from both calibrations and from all three NOAA satellites were underestimated in the lower stratosphere, and that the biases were larger in polar winters, especially over the southern high latitudes. In comparison to opera- tional calibration, the SNO-calibrated AMSU-A data pro- duced much smaller biases relative to the COSMIC data. The improvement due to SNO calibration was quantified by a Ratio index, which measured the bias changes from operational to SNO calibrations relative to the biases between the operational-calibrated AMSU-A data and the COSMIC data. The Ratio values were 70 % for NOAA-15 and 〉80 % for NOAA-18 and -16, indicating that the SNO calibration method significantly reduced AMSU-A biases and effectively improved AMSU-A data quality.