中文摘要：

目的：考察苍术遗传变异与挥发油变异的关系，揭示苍术挥发油变异的生物学基础。方法：分单株取来源于多个居群的苍术，同株苍术根茎与叶片采用同一编号，根茎用GC—MS分析挥发油变异，叶片采用随机扩增多态性（RAPD）技术分析遗传变异，然后利用方差分析、聚类分析等分析二者的关系。结果：①不论在个体水平还是居群水平，苍术非道地药材与道地药材的差异显著，前者（居群Ⅰ和Ⅱ的亚居群1～5，样品1～36）主要由茅术醇和p-桉叶醇组分；后者（居群Ⅲ的亚居群6、7，样品37—47）主要由苍术酮和苍术素组成，并含有较多茅术醇和p-桉叶醇；②RAPD数据在居群水平的分析显示，苍术居群Ⅱ和Ⅲ聚类后，再与居群Ⅰ聚类。个体水平上，居群Ⅲ的全部11个个体聚为一类，亚居群5的5个个体聚类，其他苍术个体均为按居群或亚居群聚类。结论：不论在居群水平还是个体水平，苍术挥发油变异与遗传变异均呈现出特有的规律性，但二者并不一致，提示除了遗传因子外，环境因子对苍术道地药材的形成具有重要作用。

英文摘要：

To discover the relationship between essential oil variation and genetic variation of Atractylodes lancea and find the biological bases for the essential oil variation, 47 A. lancea individuals were collected from 7 subpopulations which belong to 3 populations. After coded, the essential oil in rhizome was detected by GC-MS analysis and the genetic variation was detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） using the dried leaves by individuals. Then, ANOVA and cluster analysis were used to analysis the distribution of essential oil variation and genetic variation between and within populations at individual and population level, respectively. The 6 essential oil components （1. elemol, 2. hinesol, 3. β-eudesmol, 4. atractylone, 5. atractylodin, 6. atractylenolid Ⅰ ） in the rhizomes were determined. The essential oil components in geoherbs （subpopulation 6,7 belong population Ⅲ, which were coded as 37- 47 by individuals） were different from which in the non-geonerbs （subpopulation 1 - 5 belong population Ⅰ and Ⅱ , which were coded as 1 - 36 by individuals） of A. lancea significantly（ P 〈 0. 05）, the former characterized by hinesol and β-eudesmol as its main component, and the later characterized by atractylodin and atractylone as its main components and with some hinesol and β-eudesmol. Cluster at population level by RAPD data by UPGMA method showed population Ⅱ and Ⅲ became one group first, then they grouped with population Ⅰ ; RAPD dendrogram based on the method of within group linkage at individual level showed all the 11 individuals of goherbs, which was including subpopulation 6 and 7, clustered together, inverse, individuals in non-geoherbs populations were not grouped either in population or in subpopulation except subpopulation 5. It showed special rules both in the essential oil variation and the genetic variation, but there was no obviously relevant between each other. Genetic factors played an important role in forming geoherb of A. lancea, Genetic