中文摘要：

生态保护与环境整治是塔里木河下游生态输水工程的主要目标，因此输水能否起到改善环境和推动地方经济的发展是社会各界所关注的一个热点问题。本文采用问卷调查的方法，试图真实反映生态输水工程的社会效益。结果表明：（1）90％以上常年生活在当地的被调查者，感受到生态输水对其本人以及其生活的环境的积极影响，因此希望继续输水的人数超过82％。（2）超过76％的家庭年收入在输水后得到不同程度的增加，表明输水后环境的变化对当地经济起到了一定的促进作用。（3）从当地居民对输水工程的继续开展的支付意愿看，70％以上的居民都表现出愿意出劳动力的强烈愿望；愿意出钱的比例为15％，两者都愿意支付的比例为6％左右。这一方面说明当地居民对继续输水的强烈渴望，也说明恢复环境的支付意愿是与当地的经济发展水平和个人生活水平紧密联系的。（4）从居民对环境变化明显程度的选项看，输水前后生态环境变化的明显程度依次为：风沙强度减弱〉风沙次数减少〉树草长势好转〉野生动物增多〉树草数量增加，这与环境监测的结果基本一致。总之，生态输水对当地居民生活和生态环境产生了很大影响，塔里木河下游生态输水的社会效益显著。

英文摘要：

The ecological protection and environmental treatment are the main goal of implementing the eco-water transfer project （EWTP） in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Whether it can improve environment and promote local economic development or not has become a concerned problem. This paper adopts the questionnaire investigation to reflect the social benefits of the eco-water transfer to the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The results show： （1）above 90% of the investigators accept that the EWTP is closely related to themselves, and has a favorable impact on their income, local economy and eco-environment. Thus, 82% of the households hope implementing continually the EWTP. （2） The annual incomes of more than 76 % of the households have an increasing trend to some degrees after eco-water transfer. The result indicates that the favorable changes of eco-environment after water transfer have a positive function on the local economic development. （3） In terms of households willingness to pay, above 70% of the households will pay for their labors to support continual water transfer while 15% will pay for money, and 6% will pay for both of them. The result shows that the households willingness to continual water transfer is obvious, which is relative to the local economic development and people＇s living standard. （4） Seen from the environmental changes perceived by the households and shepherds, the changing degree of the eco-environmental factors is in the order of the decrease of the times of blowing wind-sand〉 the favorable growth of the natural vegetation 〉 the increase of the wild animals〉 the increase of the plants species. The result is also consistent with the monitoring result in field. On all accounts, the EWTP plays forward a positive role in both households and shepherds living and eco-environment. The social benefits caused by the EWTP are obvious in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.