中文摘要：

使用I2-KI染色法、硝酸银染色法和石蜡切片法对紫稻型细胞质雄性不育水稻（Oryza sativa L.）樱香不育系樱香A及其保持系樱香B进行细胞学研究,观察到紫稻细胞质樱香A在减数分裂过程中存在异常分裂的现象,表现为不均等分裂;从减数分裂时期到单核小孢子时期,败育基本完成,仅观察到极少量的败育小孢子;败育完全、彻底,未发现正常成熟的花粉粒;败育花粉粒形态与典败型败育相似;从花粉母细胞时期到花粉粒成熟时,花药中始终存在绒毡层细胞。而在保持系减数分裂过程中未发现异常分裂;从花粉母细胞时期到四分体时期,花药中存在绒毡层细胞,而在花粉粒成熟时,未观察到绒毡层细胞。可见,樱香不育系败育主要发生减数分裂时期,在单核小孢子时期完成败育。推测樱香A绒毡层细胞的异常可能是导致花粉败育的原因,绒毡层细胞可能影响了花粉粒的发育使其不能正常的花粉粒,从而导致败育。而且,樱香A败育非常彻底,对于杂交稻遗传育种有着重要的意义。

英文摘要：

Anthers of male sterile line and its maintainer line of Zidao type rice, Yingxiang A and Yingxiang B were studied by cytological methods, such as F-KI staining, silver nitrate staining and paraffin sections, It is found that in Yingxiang A, there are some abnormalities in meiosis, represented by unequal division at the meiotic phase; the abortion of CMS line arises at the meiotic phase and is almost completed at the phase of monomicrospore, but only a tiny amount of aborted mi- crospores are observed; the abortion is complete and thorough, and none normal functional pollens are found; the morphology of aborted pollens is similar to that of typically aborted pollens; the tapetal cells still exist in anthers from the microsporocyte stage to the tetrad stage, but they are abnormally hyperplastic. However, in Yingxiang B, there are no abnormalities in meiosis at the meiotic phase; the tapetal cells exist in anthers before the tetrad stage, but they disappear completely when the pollen are mature. It is indicated that the abortion of CMS Yingxiang line mainly occurs at the meiotic phase, and is basically completed at the phase of monomicrospore. The abortion is probably caused by the abnormally hyperplastic tapetal cells. The abnormalities in tapetal cells may affect the normal development of pollens, resulting in the emergence of abortion. In addition, the abortion in Yingxiang A is complete and thorough, which is of great significance in hybrid breeding.