中文摘要：

巩固的记忆被提取后,进入不稳定状态,再重新稳定下来,这个过程称为记忆再巩固。本文首先阐述人类记忆再巩固主要研究方法和经典范式,梳理记忆再巩固在人类恐惧记忆和情景记忆两个方面的相关研究,并从认知神经科学角度整理记忆再巩固的加工机制。然后总结记忆再巩固应用于创伤性应激障碍和药物成瘾等心理障碍临床治疗的相关文献。最后本文提出未来研究的方向和建议,希冀对人类记忆再巩固的理论研究和临床应用提供新思路。

英文摘要：

The processes of memory formation and storage are complex and highly dynamic. The retrieval （or reactivation） of consolidated memories returns memory to a labile state. These reactivated memories then need to undergo a process of restabilization, called reconsolidation. During reconsolidation, memories can be enhanced, impaired, or updated, thus providing an oppor~nity to modify seemingly stable memories. This article reviewed recent advances in human memory reconsolidation. Firstly, it introduced the main methods and typical experimental designs in human reconsolidation studies. Memory enhancement and erasure by affecting reconsolidation contain pharmacological manipulations and behavioral approaches. Particularly, the extinction protocol is noninvasive and safe. Reconsolidation processes are typically studied with a three-day experimental design. On the first experimental day, encoding took place. On experimental day 2, the memory was reactivated and manipulated. On experimental day 3, a test of memory strength was performed. Secondly, after a summary of findings on the reconsolidation of human fear and episodic memory, this article focused particularly on recent neuroimaging data that provide firsthand insight into how reconsolidation processes are implemented in the human brain. Now, there is striking evidence that fear and episodic memories can be updated, strengthened, or weakened during reconsolidation, using pharmacological manipulations and behavioral means. Whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） studies provide only correlational data, recent studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation （TMS） allow conclusions about the brain areas playing a causal role in memory reconsolidation. Despite important differences between different studies, these studies suggest that during reactivation the same areas are recruited that are involved in initial memory formation, such as amygdala, hippocampus, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex （vmPFC）. Thirdly, this article discussed th