中文摘要：

肾脏发育是一个复杂的过程，需要在输尿管芽细胞和基质细胞相互诱导下，引起细胞生长、增殖、分化，从而产生肾单位及各种管状结构，最终发育为成熟的肾脏。在肾脏发育过程中，GDNF/Ret、Wnt、BMP 等一系列信号通路参与了发育的调控过程。这些信号通路在肾脏发育的不同阶段或不同位置发挥着重要的调控作用，并且通路之间存在相互的调控，从而形成了一个复杂而精细的调控网络，保证了肾脏的正常发育。文章概括了肾脏发育的过程，总结了肾脏发育过程中相关信号通路对肾脏发育的调控作用以及信号通路之间的相互调控。

英文摘要：

The development of mammalian kidney is a complex process. The reciprocal inductive interac-tions between epithelial cells and metanephric mesenchymal cells determine cell fates including proliferation, growth, apoptosis, and eventually contribute to the formation of an intact kidney. Multiple signaling pathways, including the GDNF/Ret, Wnt and BMP signaling pathways, have been shown to regulate the development of kidney. A myriad of signaling pathways and their cross-talks form a precise spatiotemporal regulatory network, which ensures the kidney to be properly organized. In this review, we summarize the physiological process of kidney development as well as the involved signaling pathways and their interplay.