中文摘要：

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究东亚飞蝗、大垫尖翅蝗、中华稻蝗、中华蚱蜢、亚洲小车蝗和黄胫小车蝗6个种的种群遗传结构及其分化.在所检测的13个基因座位（Ak、Ck、G3pd、Gpi、Hk-1、Hk-2、Idh-1、Idh-2、Ldh、Mdh-1、Mdh-2、Mdph、Pgm）中,有2个基因座位（G3pdh和Mdh-2）在6个种群中均为单态（0.95标准）;5个基因座位（Gpi、Hk-1、Hk-2、Mdph和Pgm）在6个种群中均为多态;其余的基因座位至少在一个种群内有两个以上的等位基因.除Gpi和Mdh-1在多数种群符合哈-温（H-W）平衡期望值,其余大多数基因座位的基因型频率显著偏离哈-温（H-W）平衡（P〈0.05）.从A、P、Ho和He值可知,中华蚱蜢的遗传多样性最低,其次是亚洲小车蝗和黄胫小车蝗,而大垫尖翅蝗、东亚飞蝗和中华稻蝗遗传多样性均较高.根据Roger＇s遗传距离用非加权算术平均法（UPGMA）进行的聚类分析符合传统形态学和细胞学研究结果.

英文摘要：

The genetic structure and differentiation of 6 populations of 6 locust species （Locusta migratoria manilensis ,Epacromius coerulipes , Oxya chinensis , Acrida cinerea , Oedaleus asiaticus and O. infernalis ） in three families were analyzed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Among 13 loci,G3pdh and Mdh-2 were monomorphic across all 6 populations （0.95 criterion） ,whereas more than one alleles were present at the rest loci in at least one population. Five loci （Gpi,Hk-1 ,Hk-2,Mdph and Pgm） were highly polymorphic in all six populations （0.95 criterion） ,each with at least two alleles. The genotype frequency at most loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for Gpi and Mdh-1 in most samples （P〈0.05）. The data of A,P,Ho and He of six species suggested that low genetic polymorphism was observed in Acrida chinensis population （A, =2.1 ,P=42.6% ,Ho=0. 165,He=0. 191）. O. asiaticus and O. infernalis second,whereas L. migratoria manilensis,E, coerulipes and O. chinensis possess higher genetic polymorphism at 13 allozyme loci. The result of cluster analysis by using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging （UPGMA） based on Roger＇s genetic distance were consistent with the results obtained from karyotypie analyses. It is suggested that the allozyme analysis is an useful molecular marker for phylogenetic reconstruction.