中文摘要：

本文从支付能力的角度，根据计量经济学的需求函数理论，以我国城镇居民消费支出结构数据为基础，提出了应用扩展线性支出系统（ELES）模型，分析城镇居民生活用水水价支付能力。以北京市为例，采用1998-2004年截面数据资料，计算分析了不同时期居民用水需求与水费支出水平、居民用水的边际消费倾向、需求收入弹性以及不同收入户的用水基本需求等，以此定量研究了北京市城镇居民生活用水水价的支付能力。研究结果表明：平均收入水平下，居民对水价具有一定的支付能力，其基本用水需求均能得到满足；可支配收入增长对居民用水需求的影响不大；北京市生活用水水价还有上调的空间，但低收入户的水价支付能力有限，是重点考虑的对象。

英文摘要：

Based on the econometrics demand function theory the Extended Linear Expenditure System （ELES） model is suggested to evaluate the payment ability of urban households for water use. The model is applied to analyze the statistic data of consumption expenditures of urban household from 1998 to 2004 in Beijing City. The water demand and level of payment for water use, the marginal propensity to water use and income elasticity of water demand in different years as well as the basic water demand of households with different incomes are calculated. It is concluded that the households with average income level has enough payment ability and their basic water demand can be fulfill. Furthermore, the increase of disposable income will not affect the water demand, so that the possibility of elevating the standard of domestic water tariff exists. However, the problem of low ability of low income household must be serious considered.