中文摘要：

土壤环境质量关系着粮食安全和生态安全。对土壤环境质量进行正确的评价尤为重要，而重金属的生物有效性对于揭示环境污染程度和评价生态风险具有重要意义，因此探寻土壤中重金属生物有效性的分析方法是目前国内外研究的热点。主要介绍了化学试剂提取法、薄膜扩散梯度技术（DGT）、道南膜技术（DMT）和同位素稀释法在重金属生物有效性分析方面的应用，并归纳了影响重金属生物有效性的主要因素，为重金属生物有效性分析方法的统一提供参考。

英文摘要：

Soil environmental quality is related to food security and ecological security. Correct evaluation of soil environmental quality is particularly important and bioavailability of heavy metals is important for revealing the level of environmental pollution and evaluating ecological risk. The analysis methods of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil are the focus of research at home and abroad. The application of chemical extraction method, diffusive gradient in thin films technique（DGT）, Donnan membrane technique（DMT） and isotope dilution method on bioavailability of heavy metals were introduced,and the main factors affecting bioavailability of heavy metals in soil were summarized, which would provide reference for the unity of analysis methods of heavy metal bioavailability.