中文摘要：

二战后联邦德国爆发了若干大规模的史学争论。这些争论一方面反映了德国历史学家勇于争论、更善于争论的精神；另一方面反映了史学争论在新的媒体社会中所发生的巨大变化。本文试图在对争论的特点进行说明的基础上，以费舍尔争论、历史学家之争和戈德哈根争论为代表，勾勒史学争论从学术论争到公共论战的路径演变，分析德国历史科学与公共领域和大众媒体的关系，并且从历史学家就此受到的挑战及其应对中有所感悟。

英文摘要：

Several massive historical controversies broke out in the Federal Republic of Germany after the Second World War. Those controversies reflected the cultural tradition of German historiography and the characteristics of historians, who had the courage to argue, took delight in and were adept at debate. They also indicated the huge development of the culture of historical controversies in the new media society. Based on the explanation of characteristics of historical controversies, taking the Fischer Controversy, the Historians＇ Quarrel and the Goldhagen Debate as representatives, the essay tries to draw the outline of the development of German historical controversies from academic debate to public controversy, to analyze the relationship between the science of history, public sphere and mass media in the FRG, and to gain some perceptions from the German historians＇ replies to the challenges the development gave them.