中文摘要：

蚂蚱麦是小麦骨干亲本之一,对蚂蚱麦进行研究可为探讨小麦骨干亲本的遗传机制及对小麦杂交育种亲本的选配和提高育种效率提供帮助。本研究利用相关分析和主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对蚂蚱麦×碧玉麦杂交F2代185个单株的株高、有效分蘖、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等性状进行遗传分析,结果表明这些性状是多基因控制的数量性状,其中有效分蘖受一对主基因＋多基因控制,主基因遗传率为0.557,加性效应为6.916,主基因表现为负完全显性;穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重受微效多基因控制,无主效基因存在。蚂蚱麦和碧玉麦在株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重方面差异显著,这表明二者是一对优异的杂交组合,有利于在后代中选择出优异的基因型。

英文摘要：

Mazhamai is one of the backbone parents in the wheat breeding.Genetic analysis of the Mazhamai is very important in studying the genetic mechanism of the backbone parents,and also in selecting parents in wheat breeding and improving breeding efficiency.Genetic analysis on plant height,number of fertile tillers,spike length,spikelets number per spike,kernels number per spike and thousand kernels weight was conducted on the 185 individuals of the F2 population derived from Mazhamai×Quality using correlation analysis and master genes ＋ multiple genes mixture genetic model analysis methods in this study.The results indicated that all traits studied were quantitative traits controlled by polygene.The number of fertile tillers was controlled by a pair of master genes and polygene with heritability value of 0.557 and additive effect of the major genes estimated as 6.916.The lord gene expression was negative completely dominant.Plant height,spike length,spikelets number per spike,kernels number per spike and thousand kernels weight were all controlled by polygene.There were significant variations in plant height,spike length,spikelets number per spike,kernels number per spike and thousand kernels weight between Mazhamai and Quality,which meant that Mazhamai×Quality was an excellent combination and excellent genotypes could be selected from their progenies.