中文摘要：

【目的】以育种上常用自交系的幼胚和源于幼苗的幼嫩叶段为外植体，研究它们在愈伤诱导及植株再生之间的区别与联系，为建立以叶段为外植体的另一高效稳定的玉米组培体系提供技术参考。【方法】选用6个育种上常用自交系，以幼胚和幼嫩叶段为外植体分别进行愈伤诱导及植株再生，研究2，4-0对不同外植体初级愈伤组织诱导的影响，对不同来源的6个自交系分别统计诱导率及分化率，并观察愈伤组织的形态。【结果】不同外植体对2，4-D浓度的要求不同，且幼嫩叶段相对幼胚较难诱导愈伤且需要的2，4-D浓度更高。同一基因型的幼胚和幼嫩叶段形成的愈伤形态基本无区别，不同基因型之间愈伤形态有差异。不同来源的6个基因型的愈伤诱导率、分化率也存在差异。【结论】通过再生过程中幼胚和叶段多方面的比较，筛选到3个诱导率较高且愈伤形态优良的基因型齐319、Mo17和鲁原92。

英文摘要：

[ Objective ] Using immature embryos and seedling-derived leaf segments of maize inbred lines that are commonly used in breeding as explants, the difference and correlation between these two explants in terms of their callus induction and regeneration were studied. The aim of this study is to provide a protocol for the establishment of an efficient and stable regeneration system in maize using leaf segments as an alternative explant. [Method] Six inbred lines of maize （Zea mays L.） that routinely used in breeding were tested in this study. The initiation, maintenance and differentiation of callus from their immature embryos and seedling-derived leaf segments were compared. The effect of 2,4-D on primary callus induction of different explants from all these six lines was studied. The callus induction and differentiation frequency were recorded, and the callus morphology was also observed. [Result] Different explants required different concentrations of 2,4-D to induce callus formation. Generally, the leaf segment was more difficult to induce and also required higher concentration of 2,4-D compared with immature embryos. The callus induction and differentiation rate of these two explants of all six genotypes were very different although that of the same genotype were similar. [ Conclusion ] Three genotypes, Qi 319, Mo 17 and Luyuan 92, were selected after screening through six lines for their performance in higher callus induction rate and excellent morphology.