中文摘要：

改革开放以来，面对西方产业技术的转移和扩散，中国以开放的姿态主动接受和积极融合，抓住了全球要素分工所带来的战略机遇，从而实现了产业发展的“开阔地式推进”乃至升级。然而，简单纳入全球要素分工体系的传统发展道路，也带来了不平衡、不协调以及对资源环境过度消耗和损害等不可持续问题，中国产业发展面临着转型升级的紧迫任务。而全球要素分工深入演进所表现出的全球产业链长度进一步延伸、高端要素跨国流动性日益增强、以及跨国公司基于发展中经济体的“逆向创新”战略等当代趋势特征，又与目前中国产业发展现实阶段所决定的演进方向和升级趋势具有高度一致性，从而为中国融入全球要素分工促进产业转型升级带来了新的战略机遇。但与前一阶段简单“纳入”的要求不同，新一轮的开放要求中国进一步“扎根”全球要素分工体系。为此，中国产业发展不仅要有脚踏实地从事实业生产和技术创新的耐心，更要有扎扎实实用好现实比较优势、遵循循序渐进规律性的耐心。如此，才有可能抓住新机遇，依托高级要素的培育和国际先进要素的引进，不断提升中国企业整合全球要素进行创新活动和全球化经营的能力，从而促进产业进一步发展和转型升级。

英文摘要：

Since reform and opening, in the face of western industrial technology transfer and diffusion, China accept and integrate with an open attitude and a positive initiative, so that seize the strategic opportunities arising from global factors division, and realize industrial development even upgrades. However, a simple integration into global factor division of the system also brings negative issues like unbalanced, uncoordinated and excessive consumption of resources. Therefore, China＇s industrial development is faced with the urgent task of transformation and upgrading. Length of the global industrial chain further extend, advanced factors cross-country mobility become stronger and MNCs＇ ＂reverse innovation＂ strategy based in developing economies are the main features of current global factors division evolution, which is in consistent with China＇s industrial development stage, and brings new strategic opportunities for China to integrate into the global division and promote industrial upgrading. But different from the previous stage of simply ＂integration＂ requirements, the new development stage requires China to further root in global factor division. To this end, China＇s industrial development not only should have great patience in industrial production and technological innovation, but also should take advantage of current comparative advantage with patiencel Only then, it is possible for China to seize new opportunities to realize industrial upgrading.