中文摘要：

采用AFLP技术对喀拉喀什河、塔什库尔干河、阿克苏河多浪渠首、木扎提河4个群体共80尾塔里木裂腹鱼（Schizothorax biddulphi Günther）个体进行了遗传多样性分析。6对选择性扩增引物共扩增得到212个位点,其中多态性位点141个,多态位点比例为66.51%。4个群体的Shannon多样性指数（I）为0.316 9-0.544 3,Nei’s遗传多样性指数（H）为0.213 9-0.376 2,群体间的遗传距离为0.078 1-0.250 2。塔什库尔干河群体的多态位点比例、Shannon多样性指数和Nei’s遗传多样性指数均高于其它三个群体。AMOVA分析结果显示,群体总遗传变异85.17%来自群体内差异,而14.83%来自群体间差异,表明塔里木裂腹鱼遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间,但群体间已存在一定程度的遗传分化。用UPGMA方法构建的群体系统进化树显示,多浪渠首群体和木扎提河群体首先聚类,然后依次与塔什库尔干河群体、喀拉喀什河群体聚类,这一方面与地理位置有关,另一方面与河流的自然环境有关。

英文摘要：

The genetic diversity of 80 Schizothorax biddulphi ：individuals collected from Kalakashi River （K）, Tashikuer- gan River （T）, Duolang canal head of Akesu River （D） and Muzhati River （M） were analyzed by AFLP markers. A total of 212 loci were acquired by using 6 pairs of selective amplification primers, 141 of which were polymorphic, and the per- centage of polymorphic loci was 66. 51%. The Shannon diversity indices ranged from 0. 316 9 to 0. 544 3, the Neig gene diversity indices varied from 0. 213 9 to 0. 376 2, and the genetic distances among different populations were from 0. 078 1 to 0. 250 2. The percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon diversity index, and Nei＇ s gene diversity index in Tashikuergan River population were higher than the corresponding values in other populations. The AMOVA results showed that variance within populations was 85.17% and among populations was 14. 83%. It suggested that the genetic variation occurred mainly within populations, but a certain degree of genetic differentiation existed among populations. The phylogeny tree constructed by UPGMA method revealed that the Duolang canal head population and Muzhati River population were first clustered to- gether, and then gathered with Tashikuergan population and Kalakashi River population respectively. The geographical lo- cations and river＇ s natural environment might be the main factors affecting the genetic diversity pattern of S. biddulphi.