中文摘要：

塔里木裂腹鱼为塔里木河水系特有濒危裂腹鱼类。研究采集5个群体（多浪渠首、喀拉喀什河、木扎提河、塔什库尔干、玉龙喀什河）塔里木裂腹鱼,扩增线粒体控制区第一高变区,共获得长度456 bp序列95条。塔里木裂腹鱼单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度分别为0.7118、0.0024。AMOVA分析显示,群体间遗传分化显著。FST值统计检验表明,除喀拉喀什河群体与玉龙喀什河群体之间差异不显著外,其他两两群体之间都是显著的。分子系统树和单倍型网络图分析表明,塔里木裂腹鱼单倍型间关系较近。中性检验和mismatch分析显示,塔里木裂腹鱼群体经历过近期群体扩张事件。根据核苷酸不配对分布τ值计算其群体扩张时间为20万年前。天山、昆仑山的运动以及第四纪冰期-间冰期的变化可能影响了塔里木裂腹鱼的群体历史动态。

英文摘要：

Schizothoracinae fishes that belong to the family Cyprindae are a group of endemic species living in the Asia Plateau.Schizothorax biddulphi is a unique Schizothoracinae fish of the Tarim River system.It is included in China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals and second-grade protected animals of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.To investigate the genetic structure and genetic diversity of S.biddulphi,five populations of S.biddulphi were collected.Through amplifying the first hypervariable segment of mtDNA control region,95 sequences with length was 456 bp were acquired.Eight variable sites were detected,six of which were parsim-info sites,and two of which were singleton sites.All eight nucleotide substitutions were transitions.The contents of cytosine,thymine,adenine and guanine were 17.15%,31.53%,36.33%,and 14.99%,respectively.There were ten haplotypes in 95 sequences.Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.7118 and 0.0024,respectively.The genetic diversity of the Tashikuergan population was the highest among these five populations.The result of AMOVA showed significant difference among S.biddulphi populations,44.27% molecular variation was among populations,and 55.73% molecular variation was within populations.The pairwise fixation index（FST） revealed significant difference among all S.biddulphi populations except between the Kalakashi River population and the Yulongkashi River population.Neighbor-joining tree was constructed using two Barbinae fishes as outgroups.The bootstrap values were low at the interior branch points of S.biddulphi.Median-joining network of S.biddulphi showed a star-shaped structure.There was a main haplotype in the network,and most of the other haplotypes were separated by one-step mutations from the main haplotype.Two-step and three-step mutations were observed in Tashikuergan population only.Fu’s Fs test resulted in negative values and was statistically significant.Mismatch distribution of S.biddulphi appeared to be unimodal,which closely matched the expected distri