中文摘要：

目的探讨新疆维吾尔自治区的维吾尔族与汉族高中生先天性色觉异常（CVD）的患病率差异。方法采用整群随机抽样，抽取新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市、吐鲁番市及和田市三个地区共7所民汉合校中学的维吾尔族及汉族高中生，采用假同色图初筛结合Famsworth Munsell-100（FM-100）试验确证的方法，了解并比较两个民族CVD患病情况。采用x^2检验与独立样本t检验对数据进行统计学分析。结果共调查高中生5819名。包括维吾尔族学生3764名，诊断CVD88例（2．34％），其中男69例（4．32％），女19例（0．88％）。汉族学生2055名，诊断CVD48例（2．34％），其中男46例（4．69％），女2例（0．19％）。两个民族男生CVD患病率差异无统计学意义（x^2=0．194，P〉0．05）。维吾尔族女生CVD患病率高于汉族女生（x^2=5．331，P〈0．05）。结论维汉两个民族男生CVD患病率差异无统计学意义，维吾尔族女生CVD患病率高于汉族女生。

英文摘要：

Objective A population-based study was conducted to compare the prevalence of congenital color vision deficiencies （CVD） in high-school students of Uygur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang Uygnr autonomous region. Methods Students from 7 high schools were examined with pseudoisochromatic color plates and further with Farnsworth Munsell 100 test. The chi-square test was applied to compare categorical variables, and the independent-samples t test was used to compare the measure data. Results In the study population of 3764 Uygur students, 88 students had CVD, including 69 males and 19 females. 48 of 2055 Han students were diagnosed with CVD, including 46 males and 2 females. No significant difference existed in the prevalence of CVD in boys between two nationalities. The prevalence of CVD in Uygur girls was higher than that in Han girls. Conclusions No significant difference was found in the prevalence of CVD in boys between two nationalities. The prevalence of CVD in Uygur girls was higher than that in Han girls.