在温度为70℃、功率为600W、提取时间为30min的条件下,海水小球藻中的多糖可以得到较好的提取。经过优化,当超声波作用时间为90min、超声波功率为300W、水解液为1mol/L乙酸时,小球藻多糖的超声水解效果最好。碱提、水提、酸提海水小球藻多糖中的单糖组成,经过GC-MS分析,它们的单糖组成各不相同。碱提粗多糖中所含单糖为鼠李糖、L-岩藻糖、D-阿拉伯糖、D(+).木糖、D-甘露糖、D-葡萄糖、D.半乳糖,各单糖百分含量分别为20.68%、0.32%、1.0%、2.20%、4.58%、50.28%、20.91%(W/W);水提海水小球藻粗多糖中含鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖8种单糖,它们百分比分别为2.32、2.36、0.24、0.89、0.56、3.44、78.21、11.99%(W/W);酸提粗多糖中所含单糖为鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,各单糖百分含量分别为2.75、1.75、0.23、1.04、0.61、5.99、74.33、13.30%(W/W)。本实验所建立的微波辅助提取、超声水解多糖、GC-MS分析多糖中的单糖组成等方法,具有简便、快速、准确的特点。可用于海藻和其它植物中的多糖研究。
The method of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Marine Chlorella was set up. Using orthogonal experiment, the optimal parameters of microwave-assisted extraction for Marine Chlorella were obtained. The optimal extraction temperature, time and power were 70℃, 30 min and 600 W, respectively. Ultrasonic hydrolyzation was adopted to hydrolyze the polysaccharides. The optimal hydrolyzation time, power and solution were 90 min, 300 W and 1 mol/L acetic acid. The monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharides were analyzed with the methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharide extracted with alkali solution were rhamnose (20.68%), L-fucose (0.32%), D-arabinose (1.0%), D( + )-xylose ( 2. 20% ), D-mannose (4. 58% ), D-glucose ( 50. 28% ) and D-galactose (20.19%). The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharide extracted with water were rhamnose (2.32%), D-ribose (2.36%), L-fucose (0.24), D-arabinose (0.89%), D( + )-xylose (0.56%) , D-mannose (3.44%) , D-glucose (78.21%) and D-galactose (11.99%) ;The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharide extracted with acid solution were rhamnose (2.75%), D-ribose (1. 75% ), L-fucose (0. 23), D-arabinose (1.04%), D( + )-xylose (0.61%), D-mannose (5.99%), D-glucose (74.33%) and D-galactose ( 13.30% ). The methods had been proven to be simple, convenient and effective.