中文摘要：

采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、迈克尔逊干涉仪和物理性能测试系统（PPMS）上的振动样品磁强计（VSM）模块分别测试了不同化学成分的二元Fe-Ni合金的微结构、热膨胀系数以及磁化强度随温度的变化。XRD图谱表明,Fe70Ni30合金是fcc和bcc结构的混合;Fe65Ni35和Fe60Ni40合金是fcc结构。Fe70Ni30,Fe66Ni34,Fe65Ni35,Fe64Ni36和Fe60Ni40合金的磁化强度-温度曲线上磁化强度的最高值分别出现在温度为350,277,253,425和564 K处,当样品温度高于这些值时,相应合金的磁化强度下降。在所有测试样品中,Fe65Ni35合金磁化强度下降的起点温度最低。在居里温度（Tc）以下,Fe65Ni35合金的磁化强度最高;偏离该成分,Fe-Ni合金的磁化强度减小。在298~338 K温区,Fe65Ni35合金磁化强度变化最大;偏离该成分,Fe-Ni合金的磁化强度变化较小。化学成分对Fe-Ni合金的热膨胀系数有很大的影响,在298~338 K温区,Fe65Ni35合金的热膨胀系数最小;偏离该成分,Fe-Ni合金的热膨胀系数升高。

英文摘要：

The microstructure, thermal expansion coefficients and magnetization-temperature curves of Fe-Ni alloys with different Ni contents were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）, Michelson ＇s interferometer and vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM） option on physical property measurement system （PPMS） , respectively. The XRD patterns indicated that the Fe70 Ni30 alloy was a mixture of fcc and bcc structure, while Fe65 Ni35 and Fe60Ni40 were fcc structure. The maximum magnetization values on the magnetization-temperature curves of FeToNi30, Fe66Ni34, Fe65Ni35, Fe64Ni36 and F%oNi40 alloys occurred at about 350,277,253,425 and 564 K, respectively, and for higher temperatures, the magnetizations of Fe-Ni alloys decreased rapidly. Among all tested alloys, the Fe65 Ni35 alloy showed the lowest temperature at which the magnetization of the alloy started to decrease. For temperatures lower than the Currie temperatures （ Tc ） of these Fe-Ni alloys, the magnetization of Fe65 Ni35 was the highest in all tested alloys ; deviating from the composition of Fe65Ni35, the magnetizations of the Fe-Ni alloys decreased. In the temperature range of 298 - 338 K, the changing magnitude of the magnetization of Fe65 Ni35 reached a maximum value ; deviating from the composition of Fe65 Ni35, the changing magnitudes of the magnetizations of Fe-Ni alloys decreased. The thermal expansion coefficients of binary Fe-Ni alloys were strongly dependent on the chemical compositions, and the thermal expansion coefficient of Fe65 Ni35 alloy reached a minimum value ; deviating from the composition of Fe65 Ni35, the thermal expansion coefficients of Fe-Ni alloys increased.