中文摘要：

目的探讨麦芽酚铝暴露对大鼠神经行为的影响。方法将40只健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为随机分成5组,分别为对照（生理盐水）组、麦芽酚组（60 mmol/L）和低（10 mmol/L）、中（20 mmol/L）、高（40 mmol/L）剂量麦芽酚铝染毒组,每组8只。采用腹腔注射方式对大鼠进行染毒,染毒容量为1 ml/kg,每天1次,连续染毒60d。采用旷场试验、避暗实验测定大鼠自主活动能力和学习记忆能力,并观察海马形态学改变,采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定脑铝、血清铝含量。结果在旷场试验中,与对照组和麦芽酚组比较,各剂量麦芽酚铝染毒组大鼠在中央格停留时间延长,跨格次数减少;而中、高剂量麦芽酚铝染毒组大鼠竖起次数降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。在避暗实验中,与对照组和麦芽酚组比较,各剂量麦芽酚铝染毒组大鼠错误次数1和错误次数2明显增加,潜伏期明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。光镜下观察发现,随着麦芽酚铝染毒浓度的升高,大鼠海马神经元数量减少,排列紊乱,出现明显变性缺失,形态异常,并可见空泡样变。结论麦芽酚铝具有明显的神经毒性作用。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the neurotoxicity of aluminum-maltolate.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal saline group,60 mmol/L maltolate group and 10,20,40 mmol/L aluminum-maltolate groups.Every group received corresponding reagent of 1 ml i.p.,once a day for two consecutive months.After exposure of 60 days,the neural behavior was examined by open field tests and step through test.Aluminium content in blood and brain was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The morphological changes of hippocampus were examined under light microscope with HE stain.Results In the open field test,the retention time in central lattice were significantly longer（P0.05）,the frequency of ambulation significantly decreased（P0.05）,and the frequency of rearing in 20 and 40 mmol/L aluminum-maltolate group significantly decreased compared with those in saline group or maltolate group（P0.05）.In step through test,compared with those in normal saline group and maltolate group,the latent period of aluminum-maltolate exposed groups were shortened,while the errorcount 1,2 increased significantly（P0.05）.The number of neurons in hippocampus significantly decreased,the cell layer were arrange disorder,and there were significant degeneration,abnormal shape,and vacuolar degeneration in aluminum-maltolate exposed groups.Conclusion Aluminum-maltolate has obvious neurotoxicity.